LinuxCNC — The Complete Guide: Free, Open-Source CNC Machine Control
LinuxCNC is open-source control software for CNC machines: mills, lathes, plasma and laser cutters, and even robot arms. It runs on a Linux computer with a real-time kernel and replaces a closed industrial controller.
LinuxCNC
LinuxCNC Project
An open-source CNC controller — runs a mill, lathe or plasma table from an ordinary PC.
Get it from the vendorWhat it can do
- Up to nine axes — including non-Cartesian kinematics (robots, 5-axis machines).
- G-code — a full interpreter with subroutines and parameters.
- Preview — the toolpath before running.
- HAL — a flexible layer for connecting motors, encoders, sensors and buttons.
- Interfaces — several operator screens to choose from, including touch interfaces.
What you need to start
A computer that meets real-time requirements (check with latency-test), a control card (for example Mesa) or an EtherCAT link, and motor drivers. Start in simulation mode, which runs without any machine. To create toolpaths from the model — FreeCAD (CAM workbench) or dxf2gcode; to check toolpaths in simulation — CAMotics.
FreeCAD
FreeCAD Project
Open-source parametric 3D modeller with workbenches for solid modelling, FEM, drafting and BIM.
Get it from the vendor
DXF2GCODE
DXF2GCODE Project
Converts DXF drawings into G-code for milling, plasma or laser cutting.
Get it from the vendor
CAMotics
CAMotics Project
Simulates the cutting path before you start the machine.
Get it from the vendorSolveSpace
SolveSpace Project
Lightweight parametric modeller with a strong constraint solver, for mechanical parts and mechanisms.
Get it from the vendorThe bottom line
LinuxCNC suits workshops, labs and anyone building or upgrading a machine who wants full control of the controller. It needs Linux and electrical knowledge, but it is completely free.